To reset the admin password of SolusVM I am executing the following command:
php /usr/local/solusvm/scripts/pass.php --type=admin --comm=change --username=<ADMINUSERNAME>
When doing so, the following error message is printed:
-bash: syntax error near unexpected token `newline'
What is the reason for this problem? I am running the command as root.
iFreilicht
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asked Feb 27, 2011 at 16:36
The characters ‘<‘, and ‘>’, are to indicate a place-holder, you should remove them to read:
php /usr/local/solusvm/scripts/pass.php --type=admin --comm=change --username=ADMINUSERNAME
answered Feb 27, 2011 at 16:40
Terence SimpsonTerence Simpson
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Тема: ошибка синтаксиса около неожиданной лексемы `newline’> (Прочитано 3750 раз)
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Артур27
Всем привет! вот такая ошибка вылезла ошибка синтаксиса около неожиданной лексемы `newline’>, как исправить не понимаю, так как неделю всего пользуюсь ноутом, помогите!! крик души
EvangelionDeath
Артур27, а мы должны угадать где вылезла, в следстии чего и что вы перед этим делали?
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Артур27
artur@Inspiron-5570:~$ <sudo app-get install-f>
bash: ошибка синтаксиса около неожиданной лексемы `newline’
artur@Inspiron-5570:~$
В правом верхнем углу вылезло уведомление: Произошла ошибка. Пожалуйста запустите менеджер пакетов или введите команду в терминале sudo app-get install-f.
наверху пример, ввожу и получаю такую ошибку
ALiEN175
скобки уберите
и не app-get, a apt-get
и пробел после install где?
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Azure
Артур27, странный какой-то пример… Может надо так?
artur@Inspiron-5570:~$ sudo apt-get install -f
В Линукс можно сделать ВСЁ что угодно, достаточно знать КАК !
Артур27
Блин вот я тупил… спасибо! Все верно сказано
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Oftentimes when we are using Bash scripting or the git add command, we can run into this error “syntax error near unexpected token `newline’”. What exactly does this code mean? Why does this code occur and what measures can we take to avoid this error? In the following article, we will answer all those queries for you.
The main reason that this error is invoked is that we do not follow the correct syntax in “.sh” file or with the use of git add. This section enlists all the reasons for the error “syntax error near unexpected token” and their respective solutions.
Reason 1: Bash Scripting
Make sure you are using the correct notations to initialize strings inside the bash file. To view the code of your bash script, you can use the following command:
$ cat <bash-script>Where the <bash-script> denotes a “.sh” file.
In our case, we have used the following command to get its content:
$ cat samplefile.shAs you can see that we are trying to use the “< >” (angle-brackets) while initializing a variable. We have executed the script to see how it behaves in the snippets below:
Solution
Every language has its notations and keywords that must be followed to avoid any execution/compilation error. The same goes for the “< >” (angle-brackets) signs in bash scripting. The “< >” (starting and ending angle brackets) together are used as placeholders in bash scripting and should not be used while writing strings.
Use of “< >” in strings
If you want to make use of “< >” in the strings, you can use them alongside quotation marks. A sample is shown below:
Let’s demonstrate how you can use these “< >” in bash scripting. Check out the correct syntax in the snippet below:
Now that we have placed quotations around these “< >” (angle brackets) as can be seen in the above image, we can execute the bash script without the error:
Reason 2: “git add” command
A similar error occurs while using the git add command. If you use the “< >” (angle-brackets) with the git add command this error will be invoked as shown below:
Solution: Remove Brackets
To fix this issue we simply need to remove the “< >” (angle-brackets) from the command and the error will be fixed as shown in the following snippet:
Conclusion
The “syntax error near unexpected token ‘newline’” error is invoked when we mess up the bash scripting syntax does not use the proper syntax to execute the git add command. The main problem with the syntax involves the “< >” bracket as it should not be used in both cases. You can wrap quotations around the “< >” (angle-brackets) to avoid this error in bash scripts as well as in git add. The way to fix it is to wrap the brackets with quotations so that it is read as a string. We have explained all these reasons and shown the practical implementation of solutions.
I’m trying to test the supposed flaw in OS X Lion, of how unprotected the password is, on my own computer (from this article). But when I enter the code the in terminal that is supposed to extract the password hash:
$ dscl localhost -read /Search/Users/<root user>
I get this:
-bash: syntax error near unexpected token `newline'
is there any way to get around this?
AstroCB
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asked Feb 10, 2013 at 3:05
1
When you see <xxx> in a command-line command, it typically means «substitute something here». For example,
$ ls <file>
doesn’t mean to literally type in ls <file> in your Terminal, but to type in ls followed by some filename.
In this case, they want you to substitute the name of your root user for <root user>. For most machines, that is simply root.
answered Feb 10, 2013 at 3:09
nneonneonneonneo
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In Azure bash shell in case your scenarios is this:
$ az webapp stop
--resource-group learn-f69ca399-f99b-4950-84a6-bda8206c6ba0 --name <apiyoachola>
bash: syntax error near unexpected token `newline’
This should solve it
$ az webapp stop
--resource-group learn-f69ca399-f99b-4950-84a6-bda8206c6ba0 --name apiyoachola
answered Jun 15, 2020 at 15:14
Bash: syntax error near unexpected token `newline’ occurs when Bash encounters unexpected characters in your command or the script that you’re trying to run. Now, if you don’t know the unexpected characters, we’ll teach you how to find them and how you can use them without causing a syntax error in Bash.
At the end of this article, you’ll know the different situations that can cause this error in Bash and the methods that can resolve them. To follow along, switch to your Bash environment, and let’s show you why you’re seeing the Bash syntax error.
Contents
- Why Is Bash Showing a Syntax Error for Your Command?
- – You’re Using Unquoted Angle Brackets
- – You Did Not Escape a Parenthesis
- – You’re Not Building Your Go Package the Right Way
- – You’re Fetching a Webpage Like a Script
- – Your File Has Different Line Endings
- How To Fix the Syntax Error in Your Bash Environment?
- – Quote the Angle Brackets or Remove It
- – Escape the Parentheses in Your Command
- – Build Your Go Package the Right Way
- – Use Curl To Fetch the Script
- – Use the Correct Line Endings on Linux
- Conclusion
Why Is Bash Showing a Syntax Error for Your Command?
Bash is showing a syntax error for your command because:
- You’re using unquoted angle brackets
- You did not escape a parenthesis
- You’re not building your Go package the right way
- You’re fetching a webpage like a script
- Your file has different line endings
– You’re Using Unquoted Angle Brackets
On Linux, unquoted angle brackets will cause the “bash: syntax error near unexpected token newline GitHub” error when you’re trying to push to GitHub. That’s because Bash is not expecting angle brackets in your command, and this mostly happens if you’re following a tutorial online.
For example, if you run the following command as it is, you’ll get a syntax error because the pair of angle brackets are placeholders. Similarly, in PowerShell, the “syntax error near unexpected token newline PowerShell” error can occur if you have unquoted angle brackets.
git push origin <name_of_your_repo>
– You Did Not Escape a Parenthesis
If you don’t escape the parentheses in your command, you’ll get the “bash: syntax error near unexpected token `(‘” error message. That’s because the parentheses are special characters in Bash that you must escape before you can use them for something else. For example, in the following bash session, we’re trying to move and rename a file at the same time. However, the file name contains parentheses that will lead to a syntax error.
mv reportanalysis(july).csv reportanalysis_july.csv
– You’re Not Building Your Go Package the Right Way
When you divulge from the recommended ways of building a Go package, you’ll get the “golang line 1: syntax error near unexpected token `newline’” error. This can happen to you in two ways: you are not using the standard method of building Go apps, and you’re using the wrong package name.
Both are mutually inclusive because the latter is a deviation from the former, and it will lead to the syntax error. For example, the following program will compile, but when you run it on your terminal, you’ll get a syntax error because the package name is wrong:
import “fmt”
func main(){
fmt.Println(“Welcome to Go Lang”)
}
– You’re Fetching a Webpage Like a Script
Fetching a webpage like a script will lead to the “syntax error near unexpected token newline’ doctype html” error in your Bash terminal. This can happen when you download a script from GitHub, but the content of the script is a web page.
As a result, when you convert the “script” to an executable using “chmod” in Linux, Bash shows the syntax error when you run it. A clear indication that you got a webpage instead of a script is the presence of the HTML5 document type declaration, “<!DOCTYPE html>”.
– Your File Has Different Line Endings
A different line ending in your file will cause the “syntax error near unexpected token newline’ xml version= 1.0 encoding= utf-8 ‘” error in Bash. That’s because, in Linux, text files typically use the line ending character sequence “n” (LF) to indicate the end of a line, whereas, in Windows, the line ending character sequence is “rn” (CR + LF).
So, If you’re seeing this error, it’s because you’ve opened (or modified) the file on Windows before moving it to your Linux machine. Finally, the line endings can also cause the “bash: syntax error near unexpected token `newline’ Python” error while the shell is parsing the Python file.
How To Fix the Syntax Error in Your Bash Environment?
To fix the syntax error in your bash environment, use any of the following methods:
- Quote the angle brackets or remove it
- Escape the parentheses in your command
- Build your Go package the right way
- Use cURL to fetch the script
- Use the correct line endings on Linux
– Quote the Angle Brackets or Remove It
If you have any angle brackets in your Bash command or Bash script, remove them or put them in quotes. You should do the former if you’re following a guide (or a tutorial about Git) that encloses the repository name in angle brackets. For example, the following is an earlier command that will cause a Syntax error in Bash:
# the angle brackets will result in a
# syntax error:
git push origin <name_of_your_repo>
In the command above, “<name_of_your_repo>” means the following: insert the name of your repository in this specific position.
So, your command should have a similar syntax to the following:
# name_of _your_repo with the real name
# of your repository.
git push origin name_of_your_repo
Similarly, if you’re trying to log in to a service using bash and your password contains angle brackets, enclose your password in quotes. The next code block is an example, and the same approach will fix the “syntax error near unexpected token newline’ Symfony” error.
# because the password contains an
# angle bracket.
./login –username awesome_user –password ztr<387
# The following will fix the syntax error because
# the password is now in quotes.
./login –username awesome_user –password “ztr<387”
– Escape the Parentheses in Your Command
Escaping the parentheses in your command will reduce ambiguities and prevent syntax errors. In most shell environments and programming languages, you can escape a parenthesis using backslash characters.
For reference, the following caused a syntax error in Bash because the file name has parentheses:
mv reportanalysis(july).csv reportanalysis_july.csv
In the following, the syntax error will not occur because we’ve escaped the parentheses using the backlash characters:
mv reportanalysis(july).csv reportanalysis_july.csv
– Build Your Go Package the Right Way
When you’re building your Go package, always use the right way that’s documented in the Go documentation, especially in the section “How to Write Go Code”. This ensures that you’re following standard practices and reducing the possibility of errors in your program.
Now, the following is the previous Go code that will cause a syntax error in Bash if you compile it to an executable file:
import “fmt”
func main(){
fmt.Println(“Welcome to Go Lang”)
}
In the code above, the first line is the error because it’s not the correct package name for a code that will be compiled into an executable. The correction is to change “dummyPackage” to “main” and this will serve as the entry application’s entry point when you compile and run the executable.
package main
import “fmt”
func main(){
fmt.Println(“Welcome to Go Lang”)
}
– Use Curl To Fetch the Script
If you’re fetching a script from GitHub using “wget” and you’re seeing the Syntax error in Bash, use cURL instead.
The following is an example that fetches a script hosted on GitHub:
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/username/repository/branch/path/to/script.sh
In the example above, replace the following:
- “username” with the GitHub username of the repository owner
- “repository” with the name of the repository
- “branch” with the name of the branch where the script is located
- “path/to/script.sh” with the path to the script within the repository
Now, the following is a working example that will fetch the “install.sh” script from the “nvm” repository, which is part of the “nvm-sh” organization on GitHub.
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.35.3/install.sh > install.nvm.sh
After downloading the script using cURL, you can make the file executable and run it to install “nvm”.
./install.nvm.sh
– Use the Correct Line Endings on Linux
The correct line endings will prevent the syntax error if you’ve modified the file on your Windows and you’re trying to process it in Bash on Linux. To use the correct line endings, you’ll need to download “dos2unix” using any of the commands below based on your operating system:
- Ubuntu and Linux Mint: sudo apt-get install dos2unix
- Fedora and CentOS: sudo yum install dos2unix
- For macOS, install Homebrew and use the following to install dos2unix: brew install dos2unix
After the installation of dos2unix, use the following steps to change the line endings in the file:
- Open a terminal window.
- Navigate to the directory containing the file you want to convert.
- Convert the file using the following command: dos2unix put_your_filename_here
Once you run the last command above, the “dos2unix” tool will read the input file and write a new file with the same name. Meanwhile, it will convert the DOS/Windows line endings (CR+LF) to Unix line endings (LF).
Conclusion
This article explained why a syntax error occurred in your Bash command and how you can solve it. Now, remember the following, and you’ll reduce the possibility of getting the error:
- A syntax error occurs in Bash when it encounters an unexpected character in your command.
- Unquoted angle brackets and unescaped parentheses are examples of unexpected characters that cause a syntax error in Bash.
- You can solve the Bash syntax error by quoting or removing the angle brackets in your command.
- If you have parentheses in your command and you’re seeing the syntax error, escape them using the backslash characters.
- When your executable Go binary shows a syntax error, ensure the package name in the source code is “main” and nothing else.
What you’ve learned about the Bash syntax error ensures that the error is history on your Linux machine. But, for more efficiency, you can open this guide side by side while fixing this error.
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